Burial sites are plots of land allocated in accordance with ethical, sanitary and environmental requirements for the burial of bodies (remains) of the deceased (dead)
The selection of a land plot for the location of a burial site is carried out in accordance with the development rules of a city or other settlement, taking into account the hydrogeological characteristics, terrain features, soil composition, maximum permissible environmental loads on the environment, as well as in accordance with sanitary rules and regulations, and must ensure an indefinitely long life of the burial site.
Burial sites must be located at a distance of at least 300 m from the boundaries of residential areas.
Burials are not permitted in the following areas:
• the first and second belts of sanitary protection of the water supply source, mineral water source. first eons of the district of sanitary (mountain-sanitary) protection of the resort;
• with outcrops of karstified, highly fractured rocks and in places of wedging out
aquifers:
- on the banks of lakes, rivers and other surface water bodies used by the population for household needs, bathing and cultural and health purposes:
- with groundwater levels more than 2 m from the earth's surface at their highest point, and also in flooded, landslide-prone and avalanche-prone swampy areas.
It is permitted to place columbaria and walls of sorrow outside the places of possible burials on separate plots of land at a distance of at least 50 m from residential buildings, the territories of medical, children's, educational, sports and health, cultural and educational institutions and institutions of social security of the population.
The preparation and training of personnel of teams (groups) for the urgent burial of bodies of the NFGO are carried out in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation, taking into account the organizational and methodological instructions of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, as well as the regulatory legal acts of Rostekhnadzor and other bodies responsible for the creation, preparation and provision of the NFGO at enterprises and
facilities.
Approximate training programs for personnel of teams (groups) for emergency burial of bodies of NFGOs are approved by the Russian Emergencies Ministry.
In cases where a group burial is carried out for a group of persons consisting of military and civilians, military honors should be given to the entire group of deceased.
Burial may only be carried out in the presence of a medical and state death certificate and after identification (recognition) of the deceased.
When identification of a person by external signs is difficult, it is necessary to identify corpses using forensic medical examination methods (autopsy, fingerprinting, dental examination, genetic examination).
In the event of the death of foreign citizens, issues of burial (repatriation) of the remains of the deceased must be agreed upon with the embassies or consulates of the relevant states.
When burying the remains of deformed or destroyed bodies after forensic or genetic examination, they must be placed in sealed coffins or capsules that ensure sanitary and epidemiological safety, and not opened during burial.
It is not permitted to bury the remains or ashes of several deceased persons in one coffin, capsule or urn.
Burial in mass graves is permitted in the presence of a sanitary and epidemiological conclusion from the bodies and institutions of the state sanitary and epidemiological service, subject to the following conditions:
- the number of coffins, depth and number of burial levels are determined depending on from local climatic conditions and the height of groundwater;
- the horizontal distance between the coffins must be at least 0.5 m and filled with a layer land with brushwood or coniferous branches laid on top; - when placing coffins in several levels, the vertical distance between them should be not less than 0.5 m. The coffins of the upper row are placed above the spaces between the coffins of the lower row;
-the depth when burying barely above the level should be at least 2.5 m;
the bottom of the grave must be at least 0.5 m above the groundwater level;
the thickness of the soil from the top of the coffins to the surface must be at least 1 m;
the grave mound is arranged at a height of at least 0.5 m;
- to speed up the mineralization of corpses, ditches are made at the bottom of mass graves and absorb a well is dug, and a ventilation channel is laid from the bottom to the top of the grave.
Transportation of the deceased to the burial site is carried out by specialized transport. It is allowed to use other types of motor transport for transportation of the deceased, with the exception of motor transport used for transportation of food raw materials and food products.
4 It is strictly prohibited to destroy animal carcasses by dumping them into water bodies, rivers and swamps, household waste containers, landfills and sites for disposal and burial.
Dimensions of the mass grave are taken as follows:
• 20 m — length at the bottom;
• 3 m - width:
- 2.3 m — height.
The most efficient in terms of productivity when digging trenches is to use bulldozers, for example: which include
bulldozers with a traction force of 10 to 15 tons, based on T-170 and T-130 tractors, which are widely used in the Russian Federation. A bulldozer with an average productivity of 80 m3 in excavation trenches is accepted as the design type of equipment 3/h.
Taking into account the steepness of the slopes of 1:3, the length of the excavation pit at the top for the entry and exit of bulldozers will be 32 m. The creation of a reinforced soil layer with specified mechanical and physical properties is carried out using organomineral mixtures and active additives according to GOST 30491.
Manual labor is required to equip mass graves, lay the bodies of the dead, and cover them. The average productivity of excavation work is 1 m3/h.
Based on the accepted data, the total required labor costs (in machine hours and man-hours) for burying the dead in one mass grave are determined. The data for determining labor costs are given in Table A.1.
Thus, under normal working conditions, burying 100 dead in one mass grave will require 368.5 man-hours, and under the condition of joint use of both personnel of special NFGO formations and equipment (bulldozers, excavators) - 22.5 man-hours and 4.43 machine-hours.
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